Types of Graduate Degrees

Choosing the right graduate degree can be challenging with so many options available. This guide will help you explore different graduate degree paths—from Master's to Doctoral degrees—and find the one that aligns with your career and personal goals.



Master’s Degrees: Building Specialized Knowledge

Master’s degrees are ideal for those looking to deepen their expertise or change career fields. The two main types include:

  • Master of Arts (MA): Focuses on humanities, social sciences, and liberal arts.

  • Master of Science (MS): Emphasizes technical fields like STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics).


Master’s programs generally take 1-2 years and are often the right choice for those seeking career advancement or transitioning into a new industry. Other examples include the Master of Public Health (MPH) and Master of Business Administration (MBA).



Doctoral Degrees: Research and Advanced Expertise

Doctoral degrees are the highest level of graduate education, preparing you for careers in academia, research, or specialized fields. Common options include:


  • PhD (Doctor of Philosophy): A research-focused degree aimed at advancing knowledge in a specific field. PhDs typically take 4-7 years to complete and require students to conduct original research and defend a dissertation.

  • EdD (Doctor of Education): A professional doctorate for those seeking leadership roles in education. The EdD focuses on applying research to solve real-world problems in educational settings.


Both types of doctorates are rigorous, but a PhD is typically suited for those interested in research and teaching, while an EdD is aimed at those pursuing practical leadership roles in education.



Professional Degrees: Preparing for Specific Careers

Professional degrees are designed to prepare students for licensed professions. Examples include:


These degrees are focused on equipping students with the practical skills and knowledge required for professional certification.



Specialized Graduate Degrees: Industry-Specific Paths

Certain graduate degrees cater to specific fields or industries, providing both academic knowledge and practical skills. Examples include:


  • Master of Fine Arts (MFA): For careers in the creative arts, including writing, theater, and visual arts.

  • Master of Public Administration (MPA): Prepares students for leadership roles in government, non-profits, and public service.


These specialized degrees offer focused education for students pursuing careers in specific sectors.



Master’s vs PhD: Which One Is Right for You?

The decision between a Master’s and a PhD largely depends on your career goals and how much time you're willing to commit to your studies.


  • Master’s Degrees typically take 1-2 years and are ideal for career advancement or changing industries.

  • PhDs are research-intensive and take several years, making them suitable for those pursuing academic or high-level research roles.


Consider the time investment and career trajectory of each degree when making your decision.



EdD vs PhD in Education: Key Differences

If you’re considering an advanced degree in education, you’ll face the choice between an EdD and a PhD:


  • PhD in Education: Focuses on creating new knowledge through research. Ideal for those looking to teach at the university level or engage in academic research.

  • EdD: Focuses on applying research to improve practices in educational settings. Best for those looking to take on leadership roles in schools or educational policy.


Choose the path that aligns with whether you prefer research or practical leadership in education.



Time Commitments and Career Expectations

Graduate degrees vary in duration. Master’s degrees generally take 1-2 years, while PhDs take 4-7 years. Professional degrees, like the JD and MD, require extensive training but prepare you for specific careers. Consider how much time you’re willing to invest and whether the potential rewards align with your career goals.


Whether you pursue a master’s, a doctoral degree, or a professional qualification, understanding each degree’s focus and requirements will help guide your decision. Explore UCLA’s graduate programs to take the next step toward advancing your education. Learn more about UCLA’s graduate programs.